Abnormal dryness d0 through extreme d3 drought generally expanded, and some exceptional d4 drought was introduced, in the northern plains the worsening conditions were reflected in several drought indices and indicators, most. When declaring a drought worse than the drought of. The index is negative for drought, and positive for wet conditions. Discusses the farreaching impacts of drought on society, and suggests that definitions of drought are typically simplistic, and, in that way, often lead to a rather poor understanding of the. Drought is the consequence of anticipated natural precipitation reduction over an extended period of time, usually a season or more in. Department of agriculture, and the national drought mitigation center ndmc at the university of nebraskalincoln. The tenyearlong drought of the 1950s actually 19471957 is generally considered to be the worst drought in recorded state history. Drought is a complex natural hazard that impacts ecosystems and society in many ways. Usda federal drought assistance for information on resources available to help aid in the recovery from this years drought, visit the usda. Majority of peasant people in nigeria rely on fuel wood as source of energy.
Drought is a natural hazard with often significant societal, economic, and environmental consequences. As the dry or wet conditions become more severe, the index becomes more negative or positive. Permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. Recent drought events australia 2009 heatwavedrought it was the hottest day on record in the midst of the longest heatwave on record with 2009 having the driest start to a year on record in a 12 year drought which has been our hottest, longest and driest on record. The wasp index assesses the precipitation deficit or surplus over a threemonth running average for the 21year period from 1980. Causes, effects and mitigation 173 of trees due to drought. Drought is a creeping phenomenon with no universal definitiondefinitions are region and application impact specific.
North american drought monitor temperature, precipitation. A long period of abnormally low rainfall, especially one that adversely affects growing or living conditions. Many of these impacts are associated with hydrological drought drought in rivers, lakes, and groundwater. To understand what drought is to think about how drought can affect people, wildlife and the environment to understand how we can all make a difference by reducing our water usage. The regions displayed as in drought on the maps on this site show. Impacts of drought on the environment short term impacts river flows, water levels quick recovery. People living in drought conditions may be more likely to encounter certain dangerous situations. Projected future aridity is presented based on recent studies and our analysis of model simulations.
The pdna also developed a recovery strategy for the 20152016 drought by defining and aligning a national recovery vision to longterm development objectives and by formulating a multisector framework of recovery interventions, while ensuring buildingbackbetter and integrating gender and environmental considerations in the recovery strategy. The following list contains references to key publications from edcmembers on drought and drought related issues. Drought impacts increase with the duration of dry conditions. The bureau of reclamation s drought response program supports a proactive approach to drought by providing assistance to water managers to. Drought management strategies may be divided into several categories, but the key point to remember is that drought management is not business as usual. Drought knows no political boundaries and so often it affects large portions of a country, or a region that may span several countries. Drought and the environment the uk groundwater forum. Droughts pdf download types of droughts and factors. Drought impacts are a key indicator of vulnerability. Droughts pdf download types of droughts and factors the term drought in simple words is the absence of water for a long period of time, at a place where it is considered abnormal as compared to its usual conditions. It is important to realize that plants which are not considered drought tolerant can still be planted and water conserved if the following gardening practices are employed.
An application of the proposed drought definition procedure is presented for the case of a frequency analysis of multiyear hydrologic droughts. Sustained dry periods can create droughts that cause economic distress across an area. Please refer to the section submit your references on how to submit your references to the edc. Effect of climate change sanjeev unhale, secretary, dilasa marathwada region, which is mainly located in the main drainage of godavari river is facing severe drought this year. Drought is one of the most frequent and devastating phenomena that occur in south africa. The national drought resilience partnership ndrp comprises seven federal agencies which work collaboratively to support state, tribal, local, and private sector approaches to managing drought risks. Drought conditions at the end of the month, as depicted on the august 1 st, 2017 usdm map, included the following conus core drought and abnormally dry areas. Long term groundwater fed systems water quality nutrients in particular breeding success eg 1976 drought impacts type of drought. Changes must be made in a proactive, rather than reactive, manner to minimize negative effects on livestock production during prolonged periods of reduced precipitation. In the united states, the most devastating drought on record occurred in the 1930s during the socalled dust bowl. Causes and current understanding congressional research service summary drought is a natural hazard with potentially significant economic, social, and ecological consequences.
Drought conditions can negatively affect agriculture, water supplies, energy production, and many other aspects of society. The impacts vary depending on the type, location, intensity, and duration of the. Drought can impact crops, the water supply, stream water quality, recreation, hydropower generation, navigation and. The spi is computed for several time scales, ranging from one month to 24 months, to capture the various. History suggests that severe and extended droughts are. Drought indices drought progression and recession getting into a drought and getting out of drought. Drought monitor, established in 1999, is a weekly map of drought conditions that is produced jointly by the national oceanic and atmospheric administration, the u. Base flow index, drought indices are based on defining a threshold below which the flow or groundwater is regarded as being in a drought situation. The implementation of national drought policies based on the principles of risk reduction can mitigate the impacts of drought by improv ing societys resilience to drought.
Please refer to the section submit your references on how to. Meteorological drought, agricultural drought, hydrological drought and socialeconomic drought 9. For each week, the drought monitor labels areas of the country according to the intensity of any drought conditions present. In this paper, drought events are considered to be composed of duration, magnitude average water deficiency, and severity cumulative water deficiency. Drought and the general precipitation status of countries will be monitored using a number of indices e. Drought is a creeping phenomenon with no universal definition definitions are region and application impact specific. The dyk is a suite of notes that attempt to explain or clarify complex climate phenomena, climate monitoring products and methodologies, and climate system insights. Droughts definition of droughts by the free dictionary. It is mainly caused by low precipitation and high evaporation rates, but in regions. Drought is a period of time without substantial rainfall that persists from one year to the next. The national drought mitigation center at the university of nebraskalincoln produces the u. Many indices and indicators are available to assist in the quantitative assessment of drought severity. A drought can last for months or years, or may be declared after as few as 15 days.
Public policy issues related to drought range from how to identify and measure drought to how best to prepare for, mitigate, and respond to drought impacts, and who should bear associated costs. A large majority of landscape plants, once established, are relatively drought tolerant. It describes the issues of drought identification, causes. Drought monitor with assistance from many other climate and water experts at the federal, regional, state, and local levels. The distribution of water on the earths surface is not even. The supply of many economic goods, such as water, forage, food grains, fish, and hydroelectric power, depends on weather. The impacts of drought first order impacts such as food security concerns and second order impacts such as increasing food imports from abroad produce a range of effects for. Robinson drought periods were defined using an index known as the weighted anomaly of standardized precipitation wasp. A drought or drouth is an event of prolonged shortages in the water supply, whether atmospheric belowaverage precipitation, surface water or ground water. It describes the issues of drought identification, causes, prediction.
Understanding the austin drought water february 2015. Farmers tried everything to adapt growing a mix of dry crops during the kharif season, while interspersing the winter rabi wheat with cash crops like chickpea and mustard. Using organic materials andor water holding polymers at time of planting. It was long ago designated as the drought of record and is used as the basis to measure the severity of droughts. The spi is computed for several time scales, ranging from one month to 24 months, to capture the various scales of both shortterm and longterm drought. Zolotokrylin encyclopedia of life support systems eolss van nostrand reinhold company, new york. Linked with drought management and impact reduction goals triggers can be set so that certain percentile will invoke responses that will produce a desired percentage reduction in water use. Sep 28, 2018 exceptional drought d4, pdsi between 5. It faced a drought from 2003 to 2010, then floods in 2011, delayed monsoons in 2012 and 20, and drought again since 2014. Actually, the region is facing the recurrent droughts with constant variations of rains and prolonged gaps. It differs from the aforementioned types of drought because its occurrence depends on the time and space processes of supply and demand to identify or classify droughts. The impacts of drought first order impacts such as food security concerns and second order impacts such as increasing food imports from abroad produce a range of effects for many in society benson and clay, 1998. The wasp index assesses the precipitation deficit or surplus over a threemonth running average for the 21year period from 1980 2000.
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